Source-independent quantum random number generation

Quantum random number generators can provide genuine randomness by appealing to the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics. In general, a physical generator contains two parts---a randomness source and its readout. The source is essential to the quality of the resulting random numbers; hence, it needs to be carefully calibrated and modeled to achieve information-theoretical provable randomness. However, in practice, the source is a complicated physical system, such as a light source or an atomic ensemble, and any deviations in the real-life implementation from the theoretical model may affect the randomness of the output. To close this gap, we propose a source-independent scheme for quantum random number generation in which output randomness can be certified, even when the source is uncharacterized and untrusted. In our randomness analysis, we make no assumptions about the dimension of the source. For instance, multiphoton emissions are allowed in optical implementations. Our analysis takes into account the finite-key effect with the composable security definition. In the limit of large data size, the length of the input random seed is exponentially small compared to that of the output random bit. In addition, by modifying a quantum key distribution system, we experimentally demonstrate our scheme and achieve a randomness generation rate of over $5\times 10^3$ bit/s.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figure

Localization and Regularity of the Integrated Density of States for Schr\"odinger Operators on Zd\mathbb{Z}^d with C2C^2-cosine Like Quasi-periodic Potential

In this paper, we study the multidimensional lattice Schr\"odinger operators with $C^2$-cosine like quasi-periodic (QP) potential. We establish quantitative Green's function estimates, the arithmetic version of Anderson (and dynamical) localization, and the finite volume version of $(\frac 12-)$-H\"older continuity of the integrated density of states (IDS) for such QP Schr\"odinger operators. Our proof is based on an extension of the fundamental multi-scale analysis (MSA) type method of Fr\"ohlich-Spencer-Wittwer [\textit{Comm. Math. Phys.} 132 (1990): 5--25] to the higher lattice dimensions. We resolve the level crossing issue on eigenvalues parameterizations in the case of both higher lattice dimension and $C^2$ regular potential.Comment: 63 pages, to appear in CM

On the spectrum of quasi-periodic Schr\"odinger operators on Zd\mathbb{Z}^d with C2C^2-cosine type potentials

In this paper, we establish the Anderson localization, strong dynamical localization and the $(\frac 12-)$-H\"older continuity of the integrated density of states (IDS) for some multi-dimensional discrete quasi-periodic (QP) Schr\"odinger operators with asymmetric $C^2$-cosine type potentials. To this end, we develop an approach based on Green's function estimates to handle asymmetric Rellich functions with collapsed gaps.Comment: Comments welcome. 75 page

A DESIGN SCIENCE ENABLED ORGANIZATIONAL CAPABILITY STATE MEASUREMENT APPROACH

Organizational capability plays a critical role in creating and maintaining an organization's competitive advantage. It enables organizations to develop and implement organizational strategies and business models. However, the measurement of the organizational capability to assist the prediction of organizational performance remains a challenging task. It is especially challenging for organizations with limited resources, such as monetary resources, time and the expertise to organizational capability and instrument for measuring organizational capability. The challenge is two-fold. Firstly, organizational capability measurement aims to predict organizational performance rooted in individual performance. However, it is challenging to find a practical framework that links individual performance with organizational performance and guides the organizational capability measurement by considering the individual factors. Secondly, the questionnaire is widely used for measuring individual knowledge, attitudes, emotion and perceptions. However, questionnaire design methods are still very ill-defined processes that the generation of items heavily relies on the experience of experts or the questionnaires designed by other researchers about a similar topic. This research aims to provide an organizational capability state (OCS) model and develop a framework for questionnaire design using a design methodology — Environment Based Design (EBD). The primitive factors for OCS are organizational members’ knowledge, skills and the perception of workload and affect. The questionnaire design framework achieves the OCS measurement by developing a questionnaire for assessing organizational members’ knowledge, skills, perception, affect and goal. With two case studies, the framework of questionnaire design is proved to be effective in questionnaire design. The combination of the OCS model and questionnaire design framework enables a cost-effective and less expert-dependent measurement of organizational capability

Can innovation really bring economic growth?:The role of social filter in China

This study explores the relationship between R&D investment and economic growth in China, using a newly collected panel data set. Specifically, we investigate how social filters are connected to R&D output. Instead of linking R&D investment directly to economic performance, we adopt a two-step strategy which identifies the impact R&D investment on R&D output, and then study the causal links between R&D output and economic development. Our results suggest that the relationship between R&D input, R&D output and economic growth diverges by different region and sectors. Most of positive associations stem from non-peripheral regions and non-state owned sectors. Social filters are also more effective under these circumstances. These results reveal the complexity of relationships between R&D efforts and economic performance and point to the important role of social filters in innovation and growth

A Parallel Feature-preserving Mesh Variable Offsetting Method with Dynamic Programming

Mesh offsetting plays an important role in discrete geometric processing. In this paper, we propose a parallel feature-preserving mesh offsetting framework with variable distance. Different from the traditional method based on distance and normal vector, a new calculation of offset position is proposed by using dynamic programming and quadratic programming, and the sharp feature can be preserved after offsetting. Instead of distance implicit field, a spatial coverage region represented by polyhedral for computing offsets is proposed. Our method can generate an offsetting model with smaller mesh size, and also can achieve high quality without gaps, holes, and self-intersections. Moreover, several acceleration techniques are proposed for the efficient mesh offsetting, such as the parallel computing with grid, AABB tree and rays computing. In order to show the efficiency and robustness of the proposed framework, we have tested our method on the quadmesh dataset, which is available at [https://www.quadmesh.cloud]. The source code of the proposed algorithm is available on GitHub at [https://github.com/iGame-Lab/PFPOffset]

Queen Bees:How is female managers' happiness determined?

This paper aims to study the determinants of subjective happiness among working females with a focus on female managers. Drawn on a large social survey data set (N=10470) in China, this paper constructs gender development index at sub-national levels to study how institutional settings are related to female managers’ happiness. We find that female managers report higher levels of happiness than non-managerial employees. However, the promoting effect is contingent on individual characteristics and social-economic settings. The full sample regression suggests that female managers behaving in a masculine way generally report a high level of happiness. Meanwhile, female managers who refuse to support gender equality report low happiness levels. Sub-sample analysis reveals that these causalities are conditioned on regional culture. Masculine behavior and gender role orientation significantly predict subjective happiness only in gender-egalitarian regions. This study is one of the first to consider both internal (individual traits) and external (social-economic environment) factors when investigating how female managers’ happiness is impacted. Also, this study challenges the traditional wisdom on the relationship between female managers’ job satisfaction and work-home conflict. This study extends the literature by investigating the impacts of female managers’ masculine behavior on their happiness. This study is useful for promoting female managers' leadership effectiveness and happiness

A van der Waals antiferromagnetic topological insulator with weak interlayer magnetic coupling.

Magnetic topological insulators (TI) provide an important material platform to explore quantum phenomena such as quantized anomalous Hall effect and Majorana modes, etc. Their successful material realization is thus essential for our fundamental understanding and potential technical revolutions. By realizing a bulk van der Waals material MnBi4Te7 with alternating septuple [MnBi2Te4] and quintuple [Bi2Te3] layers, we show that it is ferromagnetic in plane but antiferromagnetic along the c axis with an out-of-plane saturation field of ~0.22 T at 2 K. Our angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements and first-principles calculations further demonstrate that MnBi4Te7 is a Z2 antiferromagnetic TI with two types of surface states associated with the [MnBi2Te4] or [Bi2Te3] termination, respectively. Additionally, its superlattice nature may make various heterostructures of [MnBi2Te4] and [Bi2Te3] layers possible by exfoliation. Therefore, the low saturation field and the superlattice nature of MnBi4Te7 make it an ideal system to investigate rich emergent phenomena